Ulum, B., Halili, H., Filastin, W.F. and Aisyah, S. 2025. Beyond Spiritual Authority: Revitalising Charismatic Leadership for Economic Independence in Indonesian Pesantrens. Business and Applied Management Journal. 3, 2 (Dec. 2025), 252–267. DOI:https://doi.org/10.61987/bamj.v3i2.1647.