Ulum, Bachrul, Halili Halili, Wahyu Fajar Filastin, and Silfin Aisyah. “Beyond Spiritual Authority: Revitalising Charismatic Leadership for Economic Independence in Indonesian Pesantrens”. Business and Applied Management Journal 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2025): 252–267. Accessed June 27, 2026. https://serambi.org/index.php/bamj/article/view/1647.