Education and Sociedad is a peer-reviewed journal published by Al-Qalam Institute. The Journal focuses on the interdisciplinary study of education and social sciences , emphasizing innovative, inclusive, and contextually relevant approaches in connecting educational theory, practice, and societal transformation. Its scope includes, but is not limited to: curriculum and learning (curriculum development, instructional strategies, and innovation), educational technology (digital learning, media, and emerging technologies), leadership and management (educational leadership, governance, and institutional development), psychology and social issues (learning psychology, equity, inclusion, and social studies of education), and values and integration (the integration of education with religious, cultural, and ethical values in society). The Journal prioritizes a critical, academic, and interdisciplinary perspective that bridges the fields of education and the social sciences, aiming to foster academic dialogue, provide solutions to contemporary educational and social challenges, and promote the dissemination of sustainable knowledge across disciplines and contexts. Education and Sociedad Journal is published with ISSN : 3030-9417 and E-ISSN : 3030-9484.
Exploring Christian Values in Educational Supervision: A Multi-Site Study on Implementing Value-Based Teaching Practices
This study aims to explore and analyze the implementation of Christian values, particularly those inspired by Galatians 5:22-23 (love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control), in teaching supervision practices conducted by principals in Catholic elementary schools. A qualitative multi-site research design was employed, with data collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with principals and teachers, and document analysis related to supervisory practices. The findings indicate that principals consciously and unconsciously integrate these Christian values across all stages of supervision, including planning, classroom observation, and follow-up. Supervision is perceived not merely as performance evaluation but as a tool for holistic spiritual and professional development, fostering empathetic communication, constructive feedback, continuous support, and a harmonious and trustful work environment. Despite variations in supervisory style and emphasis across schools, the essence of value-based supervision remains consistent, enhancing teaching quality and strengthening teacher character in alignment with Catholic educational principles. The study contributes empirically and conceptually to understanding value-based leadership in education and offers practical guidance for developing spiritually grounded and relational supervisory practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ferdinandus Lando, Burhanudin Burhanudin, Imron Arifin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Kafa’ah in Contemporary Muslim Women’s Perspective: Selectivity in Partner Choice amid Reverse Gender Inequality
This study examines the concept of kafa’ah from the perspective of contemporary Muslim women as a basis for selectivity in partner selection amid the phenomenon of reverse gender inequality. In contemporary social contexts, women are no longer positioned merely as objects within marital relations, but as active subjects possessing autonomy in determining their life partners. The growing discourse surrounding the perception that “marriage is scary” has further reinforced women’s selective attitudes toward marriage institutions. This research employs a qualitative method with an empirical socio-legal approach. Data are collected through literature review and are intended to be complemented by in-depth interviews with women aged 20–40 years who possess higher educational backgrounds. The data are analyzed using thematic analysis. Preliminary findings indicate that the concept of kafa’ah has undergone a significant transformation, shifting from a normative understanding of compatibility based on social status toward broader dimensions of equality, including shared values, life vision, emotional maturity, and psychological readiness. Contemporary Muslim women experience substantial social changes that influence their expectations and considerations in choosing a partner. The study concludes that kafa’ah in contemporary Muslim women’s perspectives is no longer limited to social equivalence, but increasingly emphasizes value alignment, emotional compatibility, and mutual readiness as essential foundations for marital relationships.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khoiriyah Dwi Safitri, Martoyo Martoyo, Abdul Wahab https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Empowering Rural Communities through Village-Owned Enterprise Strategies
This study reports on a community engagement program aimed at strengthening the role of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in empowering communities in the village. The program employed a participatory and action-oriented approach involving 25 participants, including village officials, BUMDes managers, and community members. The program was conducted over three months through four main stages: initial assessment, program design, implementation (training, workshops, and mentoring), and evaluation. Initial findings revealed several key constraints, including the absence of standard operating procedures (SOPs), limited managerial capacity (only 2 of 8 managers were able to prepare basic financial records), low community participation (fewer than 10 active participants), and stagnant business activities. Following the intervention, measurable improvements were observed. A basic SOP document was developed, 7 of 8 managers were able to prepare simple financial reports, a draft business plan was produced, and community participation increased to approximately 18–20 people. In addition, two new potential business ideas were identified, and improvements were noted in the management of existing business units. This study suggests that effective BUMDes development should prioritize simple governance mechanisms, applied capacity building, and inclusive community engagement. Insights from this program provide practical implications for village governments and policy makers in improving community-based economic institutions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Budi Wulan, Yudan Hermawan, Kiki Irafa Candra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Examining Instructional Models in Enhancing 4C Skills among Primary School Students
21st-century education must emphasize the development of the 4Cs as essential competencies for elementary school students in remote areas, such as those at elementary school. This study aims to identify and analyze the learning models used by teachers and to examine their contribution to the development of critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration skills. This research method with a descriptive approach. The research subjects consisted of 3 teachers and 30 fourth- and fifth-grade students at elementary school, who were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification, with validity ensured through source and method triangulation. The results of the study indicate that the Cooperative Learning and Problem-Based Learning models contribute positively to the development of students’ communication and collaboration skills through group discussions, teamwork, and collaborative problem-solving. However, critical thinking skills and creativity still need to be improved. In addition, challenges were identified, including limited facilities and teachers’ lack of competence in implementing 4C-based learning. The implications of this study highlight the importance of enhancing teachers’ pedagogical competence and providing equate learning resources to optimize the implementation of 4C-based learning in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Melkianus Panda Huki, Markhamah Markhamah, Masduki Masduki https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Comprehension Strategies as Cognitive Predictors of Multiteks Understanding: Evidence from a Mixed-Methods Study in Elementary Schools
The increasing use of written, audio, and audiovisual texts in 21st-century learning requires elementary students to employ effective comprehension strategies for processing multimodal information. This study examined students’ multiteks comprehension across different text modes and explored the potential predictive role of planning, monitoring, and evaluation strategies. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed involving 56 fifth-grade students from an elementary school in Palembang, Indonesia. Quantitative data were collected using a comprehension strategy questionnaire and a multiteks comprehension test, while qualitative data were obtained through open-ended questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation, whereas qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The results showed that students experienced the greatest difficulty with written texts (58.93% at the low level), while comprehension was higher for audio (82.1%) and audiovisual (89.3%) texts. Planning strategies showed significant positive correlations with comprehension across all text modes, whereas monitoring and evaluation strategies were associated with specific text modes. Qualitative findings indicated that high-achieving students applied comprehension strategies more systematically and metacognitively than low- and medium-achieving students. These findings suggest that comprehension strategies, particularly planning, may play an important role in supporting students’ multiteks understanding and should be explicitly integrated into elementary classroom instruction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Imelda Ratih Ayu, Arief Kuswidyanarko, Liza Murniviyanti, Puji Ayurachmawati, Fatikh Inayathur Rahma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Religious Diversity and Muslim Family Law: A Socio-Legal Study of Sunni–Shia Marriage in Indonesia
This study examines Sunni–Shia marriage in Indonesia as a socio-legal phenomenon situated within the broader context of religious diversity and Muslim family law. Although Indonesian Islamic family law formally recognizes marriage between Sunni and Shia Muslims, social acceptance of such marriages remains contested in many Muslim communities. Using a qualitative empirical method with a socio-legal approach, this research explores the experiences of Sunni–Shia couples in Bondowoso, East Java, focusing on religious negotiation, social dynamics, and the interaction between formal law and communal norms. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using thematic analysis integrated with the framework of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. The findings reveal that Sunni–Shia marriages are characterized by continuous processes of adaptation and negotiation within family and social life. Couples frequently develop strategies of compromise regarding religious practices, child upbringing, and communal interaction in order to maintain family harmony. However, many also experience social stigma, communal suspicion, and challenges related to sectarian identity. From the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, the phenomenon reflects an ambivalent relationship between maṣlaḥah and mafsadah, particularly concerning the protection of religion, emotional well-being, and lineage. The study concludes that Sunni–Shia marriage illustrates the dynamic operation of legal pluralism within Indonesian Muslim society and highlights the importance of contextual and inclusive approaches in contemporary Muslim family law.
Copyright (c) 2026 Umar Umar, Muhammad Faisol, Lutfi Nur Cahyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Professional Alignment in Primary Education: The Interplay Between Teacher Certification, Workload, and Assignment Linearity
The transition from the 2013 Curriculum to the Merdeka Curriculum in Indonesia, coupled with the issuance of the Ministerial Regulation No. 11/2025 on Teacher Workload and Ministerial Decree No. 222/O/2025 on Teacher Certification Linearity, has significantly affected the assignment of linear English teachers as classroom teachers in elementary schools. This systematic literature review aims to analyze the impact of certification and workload policies on English teacher assignments, learning coverage and quality, and curriculum development recommendations integrating educational technology. Following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, 44 studies were selected from 1,248 records across Google Scholar, SINTA, GARUDA, Scopus, and ERIC (2013–March 2026) and analyzed using thematic synthesis. Findings reveal that linearity policies create opportunities but compel teachers to assume roles beyond their specialization; workload fulfillment often reduces English instructional time; teaching quality is affected by time constraints and underutilization of technology; and curriculum transition increases autonomy yet leaves assignment challenges unresolved. Integrating educational technologies such as Learning Management Systems, AI-assisted tools, augmented reality, and blended learning can expand English learning coverage while alleviating teacher workload. The study recommends innovative curriculum models emphasizing teacher collaboration, community of practice, and technology integration to optimize the contributions of linear English teachers without compromising student learning hours.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Mahya Sari, Dina Martha Fitri, Rangga Firdaus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Islamic Counseling on the Mental Health of Underprivileged Senior High School Students
This study critically examines the use of Islamic counseling in improving the mental well-being of underprivileged students at senior high school. The main problem lies in the students' psychological vulnerability due to economic pressures that impact anxiety, low self-confidence, and emotional instability. This study used a descriptive design with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation of the Guidance and Counseling teacher and two students selected by purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out through reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions with triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of the study indicate that Islamic counseling that integrates the values of patience, tawakal, gratitude, and sincerity is significantly able to reduce anxiety, strengthen emotional control, and build a positive self-concept of students. A spiritual approach based on the Qur'an and Sunnah has proven effective in fostering mental resilience and self-acceptance of family economic conditions. It is concluded that Islamic counseling is a strategic and effective intervention in improving the mental well-being of underprivileged students through an integrated strengthening of spiritual, emotional, and cognitive dimensions and the formation of a positive self-meaning on an ongoing basis
Copyright (c) 2026 Riska Hariyandani, Sahrul Sahrul https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Managerial Training, Capital Participation, and Village Revenue Growth: A Moderated Analysis of Educational Level
This study examines the influence of village capital investment and managerial training on village-generated revenue, with the educational level of Village-Owned Enterprise directors acting as a moderating variable. A quantitative explanatory design was employed involving 78 active Village-Owned Enterprises in Sleman Regency, Indonesia. Data were collected through questionnaires, financial reports, and official village government documents and analyzed using multiple linear regression and moderation analysis. The results reveal that village capital investment has a positive and significant effect on village-generated revenue, indicating that financial support from village governments strengthens business capacity and expands local economic activities. Managerial training also demonstrates a significant positive influence by enhancing managerial competence, organizational effectiveness, and business innovation. Furthermore, the educational level of Village-Owned Enterprise directors significantly strengthens the effects of both capital investment and managerial training on village-generated revenue. Directors with higher educational attainment are more capable of optimizing resource allocation and applying managerial knowledge to improve organizational performance. The findings suggest that sustainable development of Village-Owned Enterprises requires a combination of adequate financial support, continuous managerial capacity building, and qualified leadership. Strengthening these factors can contribute to improved village economic performance and long-term rural development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Margiyanto Margiyanto, Puji Yanti Fauziah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Social Prestige and Islamic Maslahah in Marriage Gift Traditions: A Socio-Legal Study of Coastal Muslim Communities
The tradition of wedding gift-giving remains a crucial component of marital practices in many Muslim societies, serving not only as a cultural ritual but also as a social institution that shapes relationships, status, and communal recognition. This study examines the socio-legal dimensions of the tradition of wedding gift-giving (seserahan) among coastal Muslim communities, with particular attention to the interplay between social prestige and Islamic maslahah (benefit). Using a qualitative socio-legal approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document analysis involving religious leaders, community leaders, wedding officiants, family members, and local residents. The findings indicate that wedding gifts serve as a form of symbolic capital through which families gain social recognition, maintain family honor, and strengthen communal legitimacy. This tradition contributes to social cohesion by strengthening kinship ties, fostering solidarity, and supporting family integration. However, the study also found that contemporary socio-economic changes increasingly link wedding gifts to prestige competition, leading to increased social expectations and, in some cases, financial burdens on families. The tradition of wedding gift-giving aligns with Islamic principles when it promotes social welfare, protects family dignity, and strengthens social harmony. Conversely, when prestige-oriented motivations override welfare considerations, the tradition risks giving rise to forms of social and economic hardship that contradict the aims of Islamic law.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Alif Syaihoni, Pujiono Hamid, Abdul Wahab https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Civic Values in Action: Integrating Pancasila and Local Wisdom into Digital Citizenship
This study aims to analyze the integration of Pancasila values and local wisdom into digital citizenship, identify their application in concrete actions within the digital space, and formulate a value-based conceptual model of digital citizenship relevant to digital dynamics that need to be managed and addressed through digital literacy to foster responsible citizenship in social media use. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by examining 40 scientific articles published between 2016 and 2026, indexed in the Google Scholar and Scopus databases. Data were collected through documentation using Mendeley and systematically analyzed to identify patterns, concepts, and research findings. The results indicate that the integration of Pancasila values and local wisdom plays a strategic role in shaping students’ character in the digital age. Conceptually, Pancasila serves as a normative foundation, while local wisdom provides contextual relevance within the socio-cultural context. Practically, this integration is implemented through an action-oriented citizenship model, encouraging students to actualize these values in their daily digital behaviors. The implications of this study highlight the importance of strengthening value-based digital citizenship to develop responsible, critical, and ethical digital citizens.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Rejeki, Wahyu Azwar, Rihal Jayadi, Aliahardi Winata, Isnaini Isnaini, Malami Muhammad Garba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Hidden Curriculum in Islamic Religious Education: Religious Character and Responsibility through School Ecosystem Interconnection
The formation of religious character and a sense of responsibility in students is a challenge for education amid rapid social dynamics and technological developments. Islamic Religious Education (IRE) has a strategic role in internalizing Islamic values, but its learning tends to be cognitive and formal in nature. This study aims to analyze the role of the hidden curriculum of IRE in shaping the religious character and responsibility of students and to formulate a conceptual model of the hidden curriculum of IRE based on an interconnective school ecosystem. Using a qualitative approach, this study employed a case study method at integrated Islamic elementary school. Data collection was conducted through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The collected data were then analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results of the study explain that the hidden curriculum of PAI is internalized through religious school culture, educator role models, daily habits, and ethical social interactions. Religious values and responsibility are internalized through contextual and continuous learning experiences. This study produced a conceptual model of the hidden curriculum of PAI based on an interconnective school ecosystem, which emphasizes that the character building of students is the result of the integration of the school environment, implicit value education practices, and a continuous internalization process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lutfina Aribah, Nur Munajat, Muhammad Ghozil Aulia, Ichsan Ichsan, Susiana Susiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Developing an Adaptive Curriculum for 21st-Century Competencies: An Islamic Education Management Perspective
This study aims to analyze the development of a 21st-century competency-based adaptive curriculum from the perspective of Islamic education management in Islamic higher education. Rapid technological developments and global educational transformations require educational institutions, including Islamic schools, to design adaptive, contextual, and competency-oriented curricula. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a single case study design. Data were collected through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation studies. Data analysis refers to the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, which consists of data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that understanding of the adaptive curriculum concept among stakeholders is still partial and uneven. The implementation of the adaptive curriculum has not been systematically institutionalized and largely relies on individual teacher initiatives. The strongest supporting factors are innovative school leadership, teacher commitment, and foundation support, while major obstacles include limited digital infrastructure, inadequate teacher training, and cultural barriers related to students' reluctance to express critical opinions. This study also formulates an Adaptive Curriculum Management Model consisting of four cycle phases: needs analysis, 4C-based planning, responsive implementation, and cycle evaluation. This research provides theoretical and practical contributions to the development of adaptive curriculum management in Islamic educational institutions, especially private madrasas that face the challenges of 21st century education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wiwik Wida Farwati, M Afifuddin Afandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Entrepreneurship Competency Education on Entrepreneurial Aspirations among Learners in Vocational Training Institutions
This study aims to analyze the effect of the entrepreneurship skills education program on entrepreneurial interest among graduates of Course and Training Institution. Specifically, this study examines the influence of five PKW dimensions, namely recruitment and selection, learning and training, startup business mentoring, work equipment support, and marketing and partnership development, on entrepreneurial interest. This research employed a quantitative approach with an associative design. The population of this study consisted of 30 PKW graduates, all of whom were selected as the sample using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale. The research instrument was tested using validity and reliability tests, while the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, coefficient of determination (R²), and partial t-tests. The results show that recruitment and selection, learning and training, work equipment support, and marketing and partnership development have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial interest. In contrast, startup business mentoring has a negative and statistically insignificant effect on entrepreneurial interest. The coefficient of determination indicates that the five dimensions of the PKW program explain 39.7% of the variance in entrepreneurial interest, while the remaining 60.3% is influenced by other factors outside the model. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education programs in vocational training institutions is not only determined by technical training, but also by the quality of participant selection, access to business equipment, and market-oriented support systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Atik Riyanti, Sujarwo Sujarwo, Yudan Hermawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of The Team Game Tournament Learning Model on Student Learning Outcomes
This study aims to determine the effect of the Cooperaritve Learning model of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) type on the learning outcomes of Grade X students at private vocational school. The research method used was a quantitative method with a quasi-experimentas approach. The results of this study indivate that the application of the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model has a positive contribution to improving students’ learning outcomes. This is show by the difference in the average learning outcomes between the experimental class and the control class, as well as the hypothesis testing results which indicate a significant effect. It was found that in the control class, the experimental class, the average pretest score was 48.64 and the posttest score was 59.77, while in the experimental class, the average pretest score was 49.79 and the posttest score was 77.92, Meanwhile, based on the analysis results, the significance value (Sih. 2-tailed) was 0.000. This value is lower than 0.05, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Therefore, it cas be concluded that there is a significant effort of the Teams Games Tournament learning model on students’ learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Enti Susanna Saragih, Silvia Diva Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Digital Public Relations Strategy in Building Public Trust in Madrasah in the Era of Information Disruption
The massive development of information technology has ushered in an era of information disruption, presenting complex challenges for Islamic educational institutions in managing their institutional image and maintaining public trust. This study aims to analyze digital communication-based Public Relations (PR) strategies in building public trust (digital trust) in madrasahs, encompassing participatory planning processes, the implementation of integrated programs, as well as evaluation and mitigation of obstacles. The research approach used is qualitative with a multi-site case study design. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation at two sites. Data analysis was conducted interactively, encompassing data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that both madrasahs successfully carried out a fundamental reconstruction of the public relations role, shifting from traditional technical-administrative functions to becoming a managerial strategic instrument. Trust within the digital community was fostered through a combination of adaptive strategies, including the participatory and inclusive formulation of communication directions, the internalization of humanistic values through a structural-cultural approach, the synchronization of social media content based on learning realities and local religious culture, and the implementation of a continuous quality improvement (CQI) based on local wisdom and the use of AI. The success of digital PR strategies in Islamic educational institutions depends heavily on the originality of the organizational culture, where a strong communication identity serves as a solid foundation for reputation in countering misinformation in this era of disruption.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syivani Illus Shoha, Raden Bambang Sumarsono, Aan Fardani Ubaidillah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Reconceptualizing Islamic Character Education through Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas’ Theory of Ta’dib Philosophy
This study aims to evaluate the concept of Islamic character education formulated by Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, specifically focusing on his ta’dib paradigm within the contemporary education context. Driven by the critical moral degradation, systemic secularization, and the dry, moralistic-instructive approaches observed in modern Islamic education institutions, this research explores alternative philosophical foundations. Methodologically, this investigation employs a qualitative paradigm through an exhaustive library research approach. Primary and secondary textual sources from Al-Attas’ works were critically examined using philosophical analysis methods, including integration, synthesis, and deconstructive contextualization. The results reveal that ta’dib serves as an organic, holistic, and ultimate axiological framework for Islamic education, seamlessly integrating authentic knowledge (‘ilm) and moral action (‘amal) into a sacred hierarchy. In the contemporary era, ta’dib offers a deconstructive critique against secularization and knowledge dichotomy by introducing the Islamization of contemporary knowledge and establishing a holistic fardhu ‘ayn-fardhu kifayah curriculum framework. The study concludes that reforming Islamic character education requires moving away from purely administrative cognitive testing toward a comprehensive adab portfolio and nurturing teachers as true mu’addib who serve as spiritual-intellectual fortresses for students. The practical implication of this research is that it offers an innovative operational blueprint for educational policymakers and teachers to cultivate an integrative, value-driven character education system capable of addressing digital disruptions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Nawawi, Ali Imran Sinaga, Haidir Haidir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Impact of Doomscrolling on the Mental Health of Social Media Users: A Systematic Literature Review
The rapid growth of social media has significantly increased access to information while simultaneously intensifying exposure to negative content, thereby contributing to the emergence of doomscrolling behavior. This phenomenon has attracted increasing attention in media psychology due to its potential role in deteriorating users’ mental health. The present study aims to analyze the influence of doomscrolling on mental health and to identify the psychological mechanisms underlying this relationship among adult social media users. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach following the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in the Scopus database using Publish or Perish, while article screening and duplicate removal were performed using Rayyan. Of the 59 records initially identified, 14 international studies published between 2022 and 2025 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed through thematic synthesis. The findings indicate that doomscrolling is a maladaptive digital behavior shaped by the interaction of the need for certainty, threat-related attentional bias, and social media algorithmic reinforcement. Doomscrolling was consistently associated with increased anxiety, depression, psychological distress, sleep disturbances, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), reduced mental well-being, and existential anxiety. This study proposes a conceptual model explaining the psychological pathway linking doomscrolling to declining mental health and contributes to the advancement of digital media psychology literature. The findings have practical implications for the development of digital literacy programs, emotional regulation skills, and preventive mental health interventions in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hanifa Ashaditya Khamila Putri, Siti Maimunah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Parasocial Relationship and Fear of Missing Out in Generation Z’s Purchase Intention
The rapid evolution of influencer marketing has fundamentally transformed the consumption behavior of Generation Z in Indonesia, where digital figures have become the primary authority in purchasing decisions. This study aims to analyze the influence of Parasocial Relationship (PSR) and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) on purchase intention, as well as to measure the simultaneous contribution of both variables to Generation Z. Utilizing a quantitative correlational approach, data were gathered through online questionnaires from 130 respondents selected via purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression techniques to examine the relationships among variables. The results indicate that PSR and FoMO exert a positive and significant influence on purchase intention, both partially and simultaneously. These findings confirm that an intimate emotional bond with an influencer (PSR) and social anxiety driven by missing out on trends (FoMO) act as the main drivers of transactional urgency among young consumers. The implication of this study provides a new perspective for marketing practitioners to balance authentic personal narrative strategies with ethical urgency. This research highlights the importance of maintaining relationship credibility between influencers and audiences for a healthy, meaningful, and sustainable digital economic ecosystem amid fast-moving trend dynamics in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rista Nabilla, Asri Rejeki https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Assessing the Need for Google Sites-Based Learning Media to Enhance Elementary Students’ Conceptual Understanding in Science Learning
This study aims to analyze the need for developing Google Sites-based learning media integrated with the Discovery Learning approach to improve elementary school students' problem-solving skills in science learning. This paper is important because science learning practices in elementary schools are still dominated by teachers and rely on limited interactive learning media, resulting in low conceptual understanding and limited opportunities for students to develop higher-order thinking and problem-solving skills. This study uses a descriptive mixed-methods approach by combining qualitative and quantitative data. Data were collected through classroom observations, interviews with teachers and students, student needs questionnaires, and analysis of learning documents and analyzed using a thematic approach. The research findings revealed that students experience difficulties in understanding abstract science concepts, especially photosynthesis, and tend to rely on memorization rather than conceptual understanding. Existing learning media are still limited, less interactive, and do not optimally facilitate student-centered learning. Quantitative results indicate that most students need digital learning media that are interactive, visual, easily accessible, and able to support the process of independent exploration and discovery. This study provides an empirical basis for designing innovative digital learning media using Google Sites to support the implementation of the Independent Curriculum and improve the quality of elementary science education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indra Budiman, Ayu Puji Rahayu, Suyato Kusumaryono, Fitri Eka Silviani, Mukhtiar Hussain Ibupoto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Influence of Principals' Digital Leadership on Teacher Readiness in the Digital Transformation of Education
The digital transformation of education requires teachers' readiness to integrate technology into the learning process. This readiness is not only influenced by individual factors, but also influenced by organizational support, including the leadership role of the principal. This study aims to analyze the influence of school principals' digital leadership on teachers' readiness in the digital transformation of education. The research uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. The research sample consisted of 50 elementary school teachers in Merangin Regency, Jambi Province who were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression. The results showed that the digital leadership of school principals was in the high category with an average score of 30.50, while teacher readiness was also in the high category with an average score of 31.08. The results of the regression test showed that the digital leadership of school principals had a positive and significant effect on teacher readiness (β = 0.875; t = 12.516; p < 0.05). The value of the determination coefficient (R² = 0.765) showed that digital leadership contributed 76.5% to teacher readiness. These findings affirm the importance of strengthening the digital leadership of school principals in supporting the success of digital transformation of education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nursalimah Nursalimah, Riska Meisyi Putri, Dismawati Dismawati, Mardalena Mardalena, Sarinah Sarinah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Learning Strategies in Al-Qur'an-Hadith Education within Islamic Religious Education Programs in Schools
This study explores learning strategies employed in Al-Qur'an-Hadith education within Islamic Religious Education (PAI) programs in schools. The research aims to identify instructional approaches used by teachers, examine their implementation in classroom settings, and analyze their contribution to students’ understanding of Qur’anic and Hadith teachings. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, and analysis of relevant educational documents. The findings reveal that teachers utilize a combination of lecture, discussion, memorization, contextual learning, collaborative learning, and technology-assisted strategies to facilitate students’ comprehension of religious texts. The integration of active learning methods encourages student participation, critical thinking, and the practical application of Islamic values in daily life. Furthermore, the effectiveness of learning strategies is influenced by teacher competence, learning resources, school support, and students’ learning motivation. The study concludes that diverse and student-centered learning strategies enhance the quality of Al-Qur'an-Hadith instruction by promoting both cognitive understanding and character development. These findings contribute to the development of more effective pedagogical practices in Islamic Religious Education and provide recommendations for improving the teaching and learning of Al-Qur'an-Hadith in contemporary school settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lailatul Qomariah, Ainur Rofiq Sofa, Kustiana Arisanti, Ahmad Khumaidi, Abd Aziz, Imam Bukhori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Audio-Visual Media on Students' Initial Reading Abilities in Indonesian Language Subjects for Elementary School Students
Early reading ability is a fundamental competency for elementary school students; however, some students still experience difficulties in recognizing letters and reading syllables, words, and sentences fluently. One contributing factor is the suboptimal use of instructional media that align with students' learning characteristics. This study aimed to examine the effect of audiovisual media on the early reading ability of second-grade students in the Indonesian Language subject at MIS Al Khoirot. The research employed a quantitative approach using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 40 students selected through total sampling. Data were collected through early reading ability tests administered before and after the intervention and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a Paired Sample t-Test. The findings revealed that the students' mean score increased from 88.88 in the pretest to 96.80 in the posttest. The hypothesis test yielded a significance value of 0.001 (< 0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference in reading ability before and after the implementation of audiovisual media. These findings demonstrate that audiovisual media are effective in improving students' early reading skills. The study implies that audiovisual media can serve as an alternative instructional strategy to enhance student engagement and support the development of reading skills in lower elementary grades.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sindy Syahputri, Sakholid Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Deplatforming the Classroom: Fostering Gen Alpha Students’ Autonomy and Self-Reliance Through Project-Based Tactile Learning
This study examines the strengthening of self-reliance among Gen Alpha students at Islamic elementery school within the context of increasing digital dependency. This investigation is crucial as pervasive digital dependency increasingly erodes this generation's real-world problem-solving skills and cognitive autonomy, demanding urgent pedagogical intervention. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were gathered via non-participant observations and in-depth interviews with 14 students, 4 teachers, and 2 instructors, then analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that students’ self-reliance is not developed through instructional approaches alone, but through experiential learning integrated into daily routines and structured habituation. The findings reveal that students’ self-reliance is not developed through instructional approaches alone, but through experiential learning integrated into daily routines and structured habituation. Independence is manifested holistically across cognitive, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions through practices such as collective rituals, time-structured discipline, micro-social discipline, and out-of-class activities. The study further shows that digital dependency is not an inherent trait but a socially constructed condition that can be reduced through pedagogical design. Strategies such as experiential learning, detachment from parental dependency, and project-based learning contribute to behavioral transformation from dependency to autonomy. This research contributes a conceptual model of contextual self-reliance based on pesantren-school culture, emphasizing habituation, social interaction, and experiential engagement as key elements. It suggests that fostering independence in the digital era requires reconstructing learning environments rather than merely restricting technology use.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khalid Al-Madani, Rizal Sulthon, Maskur Maskur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Islamic Religious Education in Shaping Students' Spiritual Resilience in the Digital Era
Islamic Religious Education in higher education plays an important role in shaping students' spiritual resilience in the midst of the challenges of the digital era which is marked by psychological pressure, decreased mental well-being, and weakening of religious identity. This research aims to explore the role of PAI in forming the spiritual resilience of PAI Study Program students. The study used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design through semi-structured in-depth interviews with nine participants consisting of students and lecturers selected by purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The results of the study show that effective PAI learning strategies are contextual, participatory, reflective, and integrated with digital technology based on student-centered learning. Students' spiritual resilience develops through strong faith, the practice of worship as an adaptive coping mechanism, and the ability to interpret life's difficulties positively (positive meaning-making). The impact of PAI learning can be seen at three interrelated levels: increased psychological calmness, consistency of worship, and the ability to interpret exams as a process of faith growth. These findings provide practical implications for the development of a more integrative PAI curriculum between cognitive, affective, and spiritual dimensions in responding to the challenges of the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Hilda Mavaza, Fitriah M Suud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0