Bridging the Divide: Human Resource Challenges in the Education Sector of Developing Nation

Harmita; Silvia Marniati; M Nasruddin; Muazza; Aprillitzavivayarti

doi:10.61987/jemr.v4i4.1377

Authors

Harmita Universitas Jambi
Silvia Marniati Universitas Jambi
M Nasruddin Universitas Jambi
Muazza Universitas Jambi
Aprillitzavivayarti Universitas Jambi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61987/jemr.v4i4.1377

Keywords:

Human Resources, Civil Servant Teachers, Honorary Teachers, Recruitment, Teacher Welfare

Abstract

Human resource (HR) management in Indonesia’s education sector continues to face persistent challenges that directly influence the quality of national education. This study aims to analyze problems related to employment disparities between civil servant (PNS) and honorary teachers, unequal teacher distribution, recruitment quality, and welfare issues in educational institutions. Using a literature review method, the research synthesizes data from books, academic journals, and official government documents to identify key patterns and policy gaps. The results show that disparities in employment status create inequality in job security and motivation, while recruitment and placement often fail to reflect competency-based standards. Moreover, inadequate welfare and professional development opportunities significantly affect teacher satisfaction and performance. Therefore, this study emphasizes the need for comprehensive HR reforms in education to ensure equity, professionalism, and sustainable development among educators.

References

Armstrong, M. (2020). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice (15th ed.). Kogan Page.

Creswell, J. W. (2021). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.

Fadli, R. &. ( 2023). Strategi reformasi manajemen SDM pendidikan di era digital. Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan, 30 (1), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.21009/jmp.v13i1.28335

Goleman, D. (2020). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ (25th anniversary ed.). Bantam Books.

Hafiduddin, M., & Lawal, U. S. (2024). Work Motivation And Employee Satisfaction In Islamic Education Organizations: Case Study Of Sma Darul Muklasin. Proceeding Of International Conference On Education, Society And Humanity, 2(2), 454-461.

Handayani, S. &. (2021). Analisis kesenjangan kesejahteraan guru honorer dan PNS: Dampaknya terhadap kinerja mengajar. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 12 (2),, 134-148.

Handoko, T. H. (2020). Manajemen Personalia dan Sumber Daya Manusia. BPFE-Yogyakarta.

Hasibuan, M. S. (2020). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bumi Aksara. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/x3j64

Hidayat, R. &. (2020). Tantangan dosen non-PNS dalam pengembangan karier akademik di perguruan tinggi negeri. Jurnal Pendidikan Tinggi, 8 (1).

Husna, F., & Andayani, S. A. (2024). Development Of Big Data Information Toward Quality Education. Proceeding Of International Conference On Education, Society And Humanity, 2(2), 107-114.

Kebudayaan, Kementerian Pendidikan dan. (2023). Statistik persekolahan 2023. Kemendikbud.

Kementerian Pendidikan, K. R. (2023). Laporan implementasi program guru PPPK 2023. Kemendikbudristek.

Kementerian Pendidikan, K. R. (2024). Panduan implementasi kurikulum merdeka dan pengembangan guru penggerak. Kemendikbudristek.

Mulyasa, E. (2021). Manajemen berbasis sekolah: Konsep, strategi, dan implementasi. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.

Mulyasa, E. (2021). Menjadi Guru Profesional. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Negara, B. K. (2022). Laporan tahunan manajemen ASN 2022. BKN.

Nurdin, S. &. (2021). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi distribusi guru di daerah 3T: Studi kasus di Indonesia Timur. Jurnal Kebijakan Pendidikan, 15 (3), 201-218.

Prasetyo, B. (2021). Ketimpangan distribusi guru di Indonesia: Analisis penyebab dan solusi. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 27 (2), 189-205.

Rahmawati, D. (2022). Pengaruh kesejahteraan terhadap kinerja dosen kontrak: Studi pada universitas negeri di Jawa. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Tinggi, 13 (1), 78-95.

Riduan, R., & Zamroni, Z. (2024). The Public Relations Team's Strategy In Improving Achievement And Reputation At Mtsn 1 Paser. Proceeding Of International Conference On Education, Society And Humanity, 2(2), 1002-1008.

Rivai, V. &. (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia untuk Perusahaan: Dari Teori ke Praktik. RajaGrafindo Persada.

Siagian, S. P. (2018). Manajemen sumber daya manusia (Edisi revisi). Bumi Aksara.

Statistik, B. P. (2023). Statistik pendidikan Indonesia 2023. BPS.

Suryani, E. (2022). Ketidakadilan struktural dalam sistem kepegawaian guru: Perbandingan PNS dan honorer. Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan, 18 (1), 45-61.

Susanto, H. &. (2021). Dampak kesenjangan kesejahteraan terhadap budaya organisasi sekolah. Jurnal Administrasi Sekolah, 14 (2), 112-127.

Sutopo, D. (2022). Ketimpangan status kepegawaian guru ASN dan honorer di sekolah dasar negeri. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Indonesia, 8(2), 115-128.

Tilaar, H. A. (2020). Paradigma baru pendidikan nasional. Rineka Cipta.

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 14 Tahun 2005 tentang Guru dan Dosen. (n.d.).

UNESCO. (2022). Global education monitoring report 2022: Teachers at the heart of education recovery. UNESCO Publishing.

Wahyudi, I. &. (2023). Evaluasi program guru penggerak: Capaian, tantangan, dan rekomendasi. Jurnal Evaluasi Pendidikan, 19 (1), 34-52.

Wahyuni, R. (2023). Analisis kesejahteraan guru honorer terhadap motivasi kerja di sekolah negeri. Jurnal Administrasi dan Supervisi Pendidikan, 11(1), 34-45.

Wibowo, A. (2022). Pengaruh kesejahteraan guru terhadap produktivitas kerja: Studi empiris di sekolah negeri dan swasta. Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan, 16 (2), 156-173.