Autocratic Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Employee Turnover Intention: Evidence from the Textile Manufacturing Industry

Ryan Andriana Putra; Yenny Maya Dora

doi:10.61987/jemr.v5i5.2843

Authors

Ryan Andriana Putra Widyatama University
Yenny Maya Dora Widyatama University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61987/jemr.v5i5.2843

Keywords:

Autocratic Leadership, Organizational Culture, Turnover Intention

Abstract

This study examines the partial and simultaneous effects of autocratic leadership and organizational culture on employee turnover intention. A quantitative descriptive-verificative approach was employed using a survey method. Data were collected from 100 permanent employees selected through simple random sampling from a population of 133 employees. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used, and the data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-tests, and an F-test. The results indicate that autocratic leadership has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention (B = 0.185; t = 3.028; p = 0.003). Organizational culture also has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention (B = 0.211; t = 3.150; p = 0.002). Both variables simultaneously have a significant effect on turnover intention (F = 17.415; p < 0.001) and explain 26.4% of its variance. These findings suggest that organizations should promote participative leadership, strengthen supervisor–employee communication, and foster a supportive organizational culture through fair rewards, career development opportunities, and collaborative work practices to reduce employees’ intention to leave.

References

Abet, Z., Anuar, M. A. M., Arshad, M., & Ismail, I. (2023). Factors Affecting Turnover Intention of Nigerian Employees: The Moderation Effect of Organizational Commitment. Heliyon, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23087

Albashiti, B., Hamid, Z., & Aboramadan, M. (2021). Fire in the Belly: The Impact of Despotic Leadership on Employees' Work-Related Outcomes in the Hospitality Setting. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2021-0394

Bolt, E. E. T., Winterton, J., & Cafferkey, K. (2022). A Century of Labour Turnover Research: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Management Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12294

Chen, X., Mamun, A. Al, Hussain, W., Jingzu, G., Yang, Q., & Shami, S. S. A. Al. (2023). Envisaging the Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among the Young Workforce: Evidence from an Emerging Economy. PLOS ONE, 18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287284

Dhoopar, A., Gupta, B., Sihag, P., & Goyal, K. (2025). Employee Turnover Intention: A Review and Research Agenda. Global Business and Organizational Excellence. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.70010

Els, V., Brouwers, M., & Lodewyk, R. (2021). Quality of Work Life: Effects on Turnover Intention and Organisational Commitment among Selected South African Manufacturing Organisations. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 19. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v19i0.1407

Fadere, A. O., Akinnubi, O. P., & Ogbaini, C. A. (2024). Transforming Learning: The Role of School-Related Factors in Student Achievement. Indonesian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 3(1), 12–22.

Gatell, I., & Avella, L. (2024). Impact of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy on Lean Culture and Leadership: Assessing Digital Green Lean as a New Concept. European Research on Management and Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2023.100232

Iqbal, J., Asghar, A., & Asghar, M. Z. (2022). Effect of Despotic Leadership on Employee Turnover Intention: Mediating Toxic Workplace Environment and Cognitive Distraction in Academic Institutions. Behavioral Sciences, 12(5), Article 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12050125

Jantjies, S., & Botha, P. (2024). Investigating Toxic Leadership's Influence on Employee Turnover Intention in a Clinical Research Organisation. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 22. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v22i0.2571

Jing, J., & Yan, J. (2022). Study on the Effect of Employees' Perceived Organizational Support, Psychological Ownership, and Turnover Intention: A Case of China's Employee. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106016

Joseph, M. M., Thinguri, R., & Muigai, J. (2025). The Paradox of CBC Implementation: Why Does Teacher Training Fail to Translate to Mastery of Curriculum Assessment and Learning Improvement in Public Elementary Schools? Indonesian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 4(1), 1–15.

Jun, K., Hu, Z., & Sun, Y. (2023). Impact of Authentic Leadership on Employee Turnover Intention: Perceived Supervisor Support as Mediator and Organizational Identification as Moderator. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1009639

Kanchana, L., & Jayathilaka, R. (2023). Factors Impacting Employee Turnover Intentions among Professionals in Sri Lankan Startups. PLOS ONE, 18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281729

Krismoko, S., Soekotjo, S., & Lestari, S. D. (2024). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Lingkungan Kerja, dan Stres Kerja terhadap Turnover Intention. Jurnal Locus: Penelitian dan Pengabdian, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v3i2.2450

Lazzari, M., Saiz-Alvarez, J. M., & Ruggieri, S. (2022). Predicting and Explaining Employee Turnover Intention. International Journal of Data Science and Analytics, 14, 279–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41060-022-00329-w

Masood, S., Siddiqui, G. K., Lodhi, H., & Shahbaz, S. (2020). Effect of Leadership Styles on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Employee Turnover Intention. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, 6(2), 487–495. https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v6i2.1200

Mphaluwa, G., Hui, L., Marere, R. S., & Banda, L. O. L. (2025). How Do Leadership Styles Influence Employee Engagement and Performance in SMEs? Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05707-w

Ntseke, T., Mitonga-Monga, J., & Hoole, C. (2022). Transformational Leadership Influences on Work Engagement and Turnover Intention in an Engineering Organisation. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 20. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v20i0.2013

Ogbeibu, S., Jabbour, C. J. C., Burgess, J., Gaskin, J., & Renwick, D. (2021). Green Talent Management and Turnover Intention: The Roles of Leader STARA Competence and Digital Task Interdependence. Journal of Intellectual Capital. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-01-2021-0016

Pathan, M. S. K. (2022). The Influence of Organizational Culture, Employee Commitment and Turnover Intentions. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 3(4), 34–43.

Pattali, S., Sankar, J., Qahtani, H. Al, Menon, N., & Faizal, S. (2024). Effect of Leadership Styles on Turnover Intention among Staff Nurses in Private Hospitals: The Moderating Effect of Perceived Organizational Support. BMC Health Services Research, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-10674-0

Salvador, M., Moreira, A., & Pitacho, L. (2022). Perceived Organizational Culture and Turnover Intentions: The Serial Mediating Effect of Perceived Organizational Support and Job Insecurity. Social Sciences, 11(8), Article 363. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11080363

Vizano, N. A., Utami, W., Johanes, S., Herawati, A., Aima, H., Sutawijaya, A. H., & Elmi, F. (2020). Effect of Career and Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intention through Mediation of Organizational Culture: Evidence from Indonesian Companies. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(9).

Yin, J., Ji, Y., & Ni, Y. (2022). Supervisor Incivility and Turnover Intention of the Employees in the Hospitality Industry of China. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2021-1302

Yücel, İ. (2021). Transformational Leadership and Turnover Intentions: The Mediating Role of Employee Performance during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Administrative Sciences, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11030081