The Effect of Capital Intensity, Sales Growth, and Institutional Ownership on Tax Avoidance in Property and Real Estate Companies

Ifadatul Hasanah; Aisyaturrahmi

doi:10.61987/jemr.v5i5.3333

Authors

Ifadatul Hasanah Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
Aisyaturrahmi Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61987/jemr.v5i5.3333

Keywords:

Capital Intensity, Sales Growth, Institutional Ownership, Tax Avoidance, Property and Real Estate Sector

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effects of capital intensity, sales growth, and institutional ownership on tax avoidance among property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2022–2025. A quantitative approach with a causal research design was employed using secondary data obtained from corporate annual reports. The sample consisted of 35 companies selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 140 firm-year observations. Panel data regression analysis was conducted using EViews with a Fixed Effect Model (FEM), while robustness testing incorporated firm size, leverage, and profitability as control variables. The findings reveal that capital intensity has a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance, indicating that greater fixed-asset investment provides opportunities to reduce taxable income through depreciation expenses. Conversely, sales growth has no significant effect, suggesting that operational expansion does not necessarily influence corporate tax strategies. Institutional ownership has a negative and significant effect, demonstrating the importance of institutional monitoring in limiting tax avoidance practices. These findings contribute to agency theory by highlighting the roles of managerial investment decisions and institutional oversight in corporate tax behavior. Practically, companies should prioritize compliant tax planning, while institutional investors should strengthen monitoring to promote transparency, accountability, and long-term corporate sustainability.

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