Setiawan, A., Khoirunisa, M., Sutisna, Ishak, D. and Helmawati 2026. Navigating Educational Disruption: Challenges and Opportunities for Differentiated Learning in Islamic Primary Education. Journal of Social Studies and Education. 4, 1 (Apr. 2026), 38–52. DOI:https://doi.org/10.61987/jsse.v4i1.2974.