Examining the Effects of Work-Life Balance and Supervisor Support on Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction

David J M Nainggolan; Murtianingsih; Widi Dewi R

doi:10.61987/jemr.v5i2.2000

Authors

David J M Nainggolan Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Asia Malang
Murtianingsih Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Asia Malang
Widi Dewi R Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Asia Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61987/jemr.v5i2.2000

Keywords:

Work–Life Balance, Job Satisfaction, Turnover Intention, Supervisor Support

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of work-life balance and supervisor support on turnover intention, with job satisfaction serving as a mediating variable among employees of PT PLN (Persero) Pusat Sertifikasi. Grounded in social exchange theory and organizational behavior perspectives, this research addresses employee retention issues within a state-owned enterprise context. A quantitative explanatory design was employed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Data was collected from 80 employees through structured questionnaires and analyzed using SmartPLS 3. The results demonstrate that work-life balance and supervisor support have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Work-life balance also exerts a significant direct effect on turnover intention. However, supervisor support and job satisfaction do not significantly affect turnover intention. Furthermore, mediation analysis confirms that job satisfaction does not mediate the relationship between the independent variables and turnover intention. These findings indicate that turnover intention in public sector organizations is shaped not only by attitudinal factors but also by structural and organizational conditions. This study contributes to the empirical development of human resource management literature and provides managerial implications for strengthening employee retention strategies

References

Acoba, E. F. (2024). Social support and mental health: The mediating role of perceived stress. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1330720. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1330720

Astuti, T., & Helmi, A. F. (2021). Perceived supervisor support and turnover intention: A meta-analysis study. Buletin Psikologi, 29(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.54366

Aura, R. R., & Hutahaean, E. S. H. (2024). Pengaruh work life balance terhadap kepuasan kerja pada generasi Z. Journal of Sharia Economics Scholar (JoSES), 2(4).

Awashreh, R., & AlGhunaimi, H. (2024). Navigating burnout in the public sector: Strategies for enhancing employee well-being and organizational performance. Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture, 8(3), 211–225. https://doi.org/10.70082/esiculture.vi.1855

Bulger, C. (2024). Work-life balance. In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (pp. 7834–7836). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_3270

Buulolo, A., & Ratnasari, S. L. (2020). Pengaruh dukungan supervisor, komitmen organisasional, dan beban kerja terhadap turnover intention. Jurnal Dimensi, 9(2), 339–351. https://doi.org/10.33373/dms.v9i2.2545

Cao, H., Zheng, T. X., Wang, W., Li, C., Liu, Y., Su, Z., ... & Li, Z. (2026). Secure semantic communication with non-targeted and target-oriented stealthy semantic protection. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2026.3664498

Dunn, S. N. (2025). Work/family border theory and work/family enrichment theory: A comparison, contrast and critique review. Strategic HR Review, 24(4), 146–150. https://doi.org/10.1108/SHR-12-2024-0100

Edeh, F. O., & Ikpor, I. M. (2025). Work-life balance in the service sector: Predicting organisational citizenship behaviour. European Journal of International Management, 25(1), 122–137. https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2025.143277

Eisenberger, R., Rhoades Shanock, L., & Wen, X. (2020). Perceived organizational support: Why caring about employees counts. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7(1), 101–124. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012119-044917

Faqih, M., Syadza, T. A. A., & Kartono, K. (2025). Pengaruh work-life balance dan job satisfaction terhadap turnover intention. Equilibrium: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 14(2), 321–336. https://doi.org/10.35906/equili.v14i2.2399

Fernández-Macias, E., & de Bustillo Llorente, R. M. (2024). Job satisfaction. In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (pp. 3731–3734). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_1568

Handayani, R., Faslah, R., & Adha, M. A. (2024). The impact of work-life balance on turnover intentions: Exploring the mediating role of job satisfaction. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi, Perkantoran, dan Akuntansi, 5(2), 351–365. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpepa.0502.09

Ilyas, A., Khan, A. H., Zaid, F., Ali, M., Razzaq, A., & Khan, W. A. (2020). Turnover intention of employees, supervisor support, and open innovation: The role of illegitimate tasks. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4), 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040128

Kamboj, J., & A, E. (2025). Hypothesized the relationship between work-family boundaries, work-life balance, workload, and employees' well-being: Moderated mediation analysis. Human Systems Management, 44(5), 852–877. https://doi.org/10.1177/01672533251331490

Maharani, N. A., & Saputro, E. P. (2023). Pengaruh work life balance, family supportive supervisor behaviour, dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Benefit: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 8(2), 128–141. https://doi.org/10.23917/benefit.v8i2.3033

Mampuru, M. P., Mokoena, B. A., & Isabirye, A. K. (2024). Training and development impact on job satisfaction, loyalty and retention among academics. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 22, 2420. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v22i0.2420

Marquina, M. V. H., Le Dain, M. A., Joly, I., & Zwolinski, P. (2024). Exploring determinants of collaboration in circular supply chains: A social exchange theory perspective. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 50, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2024.07.017

Respati, B. W., Ihwanudin, M., & Kurniawati, M. (2023). Pengaruh kualitas kehidupan kerja dan keseimbangan kehidupan kerja terhadap performa karyawan: Peran mediasi kepuasan kerja. Jurnal Manajerial, 10(02), 179–197. https://doi.org/10.30587/jurnalmanajerial.v10i02.5363

Shamshuddin, S., Baburao, C., Shaik, H., & Prasad, Y. V. (2025). Sustainable employee engagement and retention: A review of green HRM and digital integration for modern workplaces. Fostering Economic Diversification and Sustainable Business Through Digital Intelligence, 357–380. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8492-3.ch017

Sjahruddin, H., Arsanti, G., Mahmud, M., Hijaz, Z., Rahmat, A. N., & Alam, S. (2025). Peran mediator work engagement: Pengaruh work-life balance terhadap turnover intention. Jurnal Dimensi, 14(1), 300–316. https://doi.org/10.33373/dms.v14i1.7559

Smollan, R. K., & Mooney, S. K. (2024). The bright side and dark side of performance expectations: The role of organizational culture and the impact on employee performance and wellbeing. International Studies of Management & Organization, 54(3), 218–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2024.2320580

Supriyadi, E., Ningrum, D. P., Kurniawatiningsih, E. D., Bilal, F., Pahleviando, R., & Handoko, I. (2021). Faktor yang mempengaruhi retensi karyawan milenial pada saat pandemi Covid-19: Kasus pada sebuah perusahaan BUMN di Indonesia. Perbanas Journal of Business and Banking, 11(1), 49–71. https://doi.org/10.14414/jbb.v11i1.2572

Syafri, M., Pramono, D. W., & Suhara, A. (2025). Strategic talent management practices for enhancing employee retention in competitive work environments. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(6), 5597–5608. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v13i6.4423

Tayossyingyong, Y., Bangbon, P., Naude, A., Zhang, P., Siribensanont, C., & Suwanchotnate, N. (2025). New modern organization management for sustainability in the 21st century. Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology, 37(2), 120–127.

Vuscan, S., & Muntean, R. (2025). Building conversion: Enhancing sustainability through multifunctionality and movable interior systems. Sustainability, 17(7), 3182. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073182

Wulandari, P. P. (2024). Pengaruh supervisor support dan work-life balance terhadap turnover intention yang dimediasi oleh employee engagement pada perusahaan manufaktur di kawasan EJIP (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Pelita Bangsa). Costing: Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.31539/costing.v7i4.10108

Xu, W., & Yu, A. (2025). The dark side of polychronic time management on employee well-being: Exploring the buffering effects of workplace support for reducing work-family conflict and burnout. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 36(3), 449–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2024.2446983

Yadav, S., & Sharma, S. (2024). The importance of employee retention: Building the foundation for sustainable businesses. SUSTAINABLE, 88.