Faculty Education, Academic Rank, and International Exposure as Drivers of University Internationalization: Evidence from an Indonesian Public University

Authors

  • Elin Rosalina Universitas Padjadjaran
  • Iwan Sukoco Universitas Padjadjaran
  • Herwan Abdul Muhyi Universitas Padjadjaran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61987/bamj.v4i1.2108

Keywords:

University Internationalization, Faculty Qualifications, Professorial Rank, Teaching Certification, Public Universities

Abstract

Internationalization has become a strategic priority for universities, but evidence on how faculty-level human resource characteristics translate into measurable internationalization performance remains limited in developing-country universities. This study examines whether doctoral qualifications, professorial rank, professional teaching certification, and overseas educational background explain faculty-level internationalization performance at university. Using balanced panel data from 16 faculties over 2018-2024, the study constructs an internationalization performance index from active international collaborations, international students, and internationally indexed publications using principal component analysis. Panel regression is then estimated, with faculty budget included as a control variable and model selection based on Chow and Hausman tests. The results show that overseas educational background and faculty budget have positive and statistically significant effects on internationalization performance. Doctoral faculty shows a positive relationship in the baseline model, while the proportion of professors is negatively associated with internationalization performance and certified lecturers are not statistically significant. These findings suggest that formal academic status alone is insufficient to strengthen global engagement. Universities need internationally connected faculty development, incentives for global collaboration, and adequate faculty-level financial support to improve internationalization outcomes.

References

Abazov, R. (2021). Engaging in the Internationalization of Education and SDGs: Case Study on the Global Hub of UNAI on Sustainability. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 307, p. 06001). EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130706001

Abbas, Z., Rehman, M. A., Sarwar, S., & Zámečník, R. (2021). Green HRM Promotes Higher Education Sustainability: A Mediated-Moderated Analysis. International Journal of Manpower, 43(3), 827–843. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-04-2020-0171

Ahmed, D., Naudhani, T., & Wazir, D. (2025). The Role of Faculty Development in Enhancing Teaching Quality in Higher Education in Pakistan. Social Science Review Archives, 3(3), 1895–1908. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i3.1024

Amzat, I. H., Mohd Ali, H., Othman, A., Bin Salleh, M. J., Alade Najimdeen, A. H., & Ibrahim, M. B. (2023). Internationalization of Higher Education, University Quality Service, and International Students’ Loyalty in Malaysia. SAGE Open, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231210498

Calikoglu, A., Arslan, H., & Lee, J. J. (2020). Faculty International Engagement: Examining Rationales, Strategies, and Barriers in Institutional Settings. Journal of Studies in International Education, 26(1), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315320963508

Chan, J., Johns, F., & Moses, L. B. (2018). Academic Metrics and Positioning Strategies. In The Future of University Rankings (pp. 177–195). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78743-289-520181010

Chen, C.-H., & Yen, K.-W. (2023). Developing International Collaboration Indicators in Fisheries Remote Sensing Research to Achieve SDG 14 and 17. Sustainability, 15(18), 14031. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151814031

Chirikov, I. (2022). Does Conflict of Interest Distort Global University Rankings? Higher Education, 86(4), 791–808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00942-5

Cretu, D. M., & Grosseck, G. (2025). A Bibliometric Analysis of Romanian Educational Research in Web of Science: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities for Global Integration. Education Sciences, 15(3), 358. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15030358

Dehtjare, J., & Uzule, K. (2023). Sustainable Higher Education Management: Career Drivers of Academic Staff. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 25(2), 89–105. https://doi.org/10.2478/jtes-2023-0018

Dervenis, C., Iatrellis, O., & Fitsilis, P. (2022). A Review of Research on Teacher Competencies in Higher Education. Quality Assurance in Education, 30(2), 199–220. https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-08-2021-0126

De Wit, H., & Altbach, P. G. (2021). Internationalization in Higher Education. In International Higher Education (pp. 303–325). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004462717_016

Droissart, J., & Tuytens, M. (2024). The Integration of Lecturer Collaboration Within Higher Education Institutions’ Quality Culture Framework. Quality Assurance in Education, 32(3), 356–370. https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-09-2023-0157

Edwards, S., & Ashida, A. (2020). Higher Education in Japan: Internationalization, the Sustainable Development Goals and Survivability. International Journal of Comparative Education and Development, 23(2), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCED-09-2020-0061

Fadda, N., Marinò, L., Pischedda, G., & Ezza, A. (2021). The Effect of Performance-Oriented Funding in Higher Education: Evidence From the Staff Recruitment Budget in Italian Higher Education. Higher Education, 83(5), 1003–1019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-021-00725-4

Fuadi, D., Harsono, H., Suhaili, S., Susilo, A., Wahyono, B., & Syah, M. F. J. (2025). Self-Governance: Internationalization Management of Distinctive Higher Education Towards the World Class University. Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE), 3(2), 96–113. https://doi.org/10.23917/ijolae.v3i2.11754

Guo, Y., & Guo, S. (2017). Internationalization of Canadian Higher Education: Discrepancies Between Policies and International Student Experiences. Studies in Higher Education, 42(5), 851–868. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1293874

Horta, H., Birolini, S., Cattaneo, M., Shen, W., & Paleari, S. (2021). Research Network Propagation: The Impact of PhD Students’ Temporary International Mobility. Quantitative Science Studies, 2(1), 129–154. https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00096

Hung, N.-T., & Yen, K.-L. (2022). Towards Sustainable Internationalization of Higher Education: Innovative Marketing Strategies for International Student Recruitment. Sustainability, 14(14), 8522. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148522

Jon, J.-E., & Fry, G. W. (2021). Study Abroad and Engagement at the Local and Global Levels: The Stories Behind the Numbers. Journal of Studies in International Education, 25(4), 407–424. https://doi.org/10.1177/10283153211016276

Kareem, A. R., & Abdullah, H. S. (2025). Business Intelligence Approach-Based Hybrid Deep Learning Model for QS World University Ranking. Iraqi Journal of Science, 375–387. https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2025.66.1.30

Kraja, G., Dedej, D., & Spahija, S. (2024). Navigating the Global Landscape: Dynamics and Impacts of Internationalization in Higher Education. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development, 11(1 Suppl. 1), 7. https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv11n1s102

Li, J., & Xue, E. (2022). Exploring High-Quality Institutional Internationalization for Higher Education Sustainability in China: Evidence From Stakeholders. Sustainability, 14(13), 7572. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137572

Mahade, A., Elmahi, A., Alomari, K. M., & Abdalla, A. A. (2025). Leveraging AI-Driven Insights to Enhance Sustainable Human Resource Management Performance: Moderated Mediation Model: Evidence From UAE Higher Education. Discover Sustainability, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01114-y

Mardiana, H. (2024). Perceived Impact of Lecturers’ Digital Literacy Skills in Higher Education Institutions. SAGE Open, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241256937

Moshtari, M., & Safarpour, A. (2023). Challenges and Strategies for the Internationalization of Higher Education in Low-Income East African Countries. Higher Education, 87(1), 89–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-023-00994-1

Pedro, E., Leitão, J., & Alves, H. (2023). Sustainable Development Practices in Public Higher Education: A New Conceptual Framework for Nurturing Student Satisfaction and Reinforcing Attractiveness to International Students. Sustainable Development, 32(3), 2565–2582. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2798

Rosyidah, N., Matin, M., & Rosyidi, U. (2020). Internationalization in Higher Education: University’s Effective Promotion Strategies in Building International Trust. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(1), 351–361. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.9.1.351

Ryu, J. H., & Nguyen, A. T. (2021). Internationalization of Higher Education in Vietnam: Current Situations, Policies, and Challenges. International Journal of Comparative Education and Development, 23(3), 227–241. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCED-10-2020-0074

Sok, S., & Bunry, R. (2021). Internationalization of Higher Education in Cambodia: Toward an Agenda for Higher Education Development. International Journal of Comparative Education and Development, 23(3), 193–211. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCED-08-2020-0049

Soysal, Y. N., Baltaru, R. D., & Cebolla-Boado, H. (2022). Meritocracy or Reputation? The Role of Rankings in the Sorting of International Students Across Universities. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 22(2), 252–263. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2022.2070131

Sušanj, Z., Jakopec, A., & Đorić, A. (2020). Academics’ Effectiveness and Professional Development in Croatia: Challenges for Human Resource Management in Higher Education Institutions. European Journal of Education, 55(4), 476–488. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12422

Yousef, W. (2024). The Prevalence of Internationalization of Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa: Challenges and Opportunities. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2374688

Downloads

Published

2026-06-06

How to Cite

Rosalina, E., Sukoco, I., & Muhyi, H. A. (2026). Faculty Education, Academic Rank, and International Exposure as Drivers of University Internationalization: Evidence from an Indonesian Public University. Business and Applied Management Journal, 4(1), 115–133. https://doi.org/10.61987/bamj.v4i1.2108

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Elin Rosalina, Iwan Sukoco, Herwan Abdul Muhyi

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.