The Impact of Fatherlessness on Moral and Religious Development in 4-Year-Old Children
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61987/gazette.v2i1.613Keywords:
Fatherless, Children's Moral Development, Children's Religious Development, early childhood educationAbstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of fatherlessness on the moral and religious development of 4-year-old children and explore moral and religious development in children, especially in the aspects of understanding ethical values, discipline, and introduction to religious teachings. The research is based on the importance of parenting by both parents in shaping morals from an early age. This study uses a Mixed Method approach, namely a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The research findings indicate that fatherlessness has a significant impact on children's moral and religious development. Children who grow up without a father tend to have difficulty internalizing moral and religious values. They are more dependent on mothers and peers in understanding social and religious norms. The results of the Two-Way ANOVA statistical test show that differences in moral and religious development between children growing up with and without a father are significant. This study recommends increasing the role of the extended family and society to replace the father's function, as well as a community-based approach to support the moral and religious development of children who experience fatherlessness.
References
Al-Hawary, S. I. S., Kumar, T., Pallathadka, H., Alshahrani, S. H., Al-Tamimi, H. A. N. M., Muda, I., & Singer, N. (2023). The Education of Children in an Islamic Family Based on The Holy Qur’an. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 79(2), 8273. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v79i2.8273
Ali, A. S. M., & Chatti, C. B. (2023). Muslim Peoples and the Challenges of Water Security: A Socio-Anthropological Analysis. In Indigenous and Local Water Knowledge, Values and Practices (pp. 79-95). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9406-7_6
Arifin, S. (2024). Management of Ahlussunnah Wal Jama'ah-Based Curriculum Development in Islamic Education Best Practice. Educazione: Journal of Education and Learning, 1(2), 102-115. https://doi.org/10.61987/educazione.v1i2.499
Ataman, A., Baharun, H., & Safitri, S. D. (2024). Exploring Complementary Leadership Styles in Madrasahs by Aiming at Their Impact on Integrity and Character Development. Business and Applied Management Journal, 1(2), 118-133. https://doi.org/10.61987/bamj.v1i2.487
Bornstein, M. H., Yu, J., & Putnick, D. L. (2022). Prospective Associations Between Mothers' and Fathers' Parenting Styles and Adolescents' Moral Values: Stability and Specificity by Parent Style and Adolescent Gender. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2022(185-186), 9-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20488
Bos, A. L., Greenlee, J. S., Holman, M. R., Oxley, Z. O. E. M., & Lay, J. C. (2022). This One's for the Boys: How Gendered Political Socialization Limits Girls' Political Ambition and Interest. American Political Science Review, 116(2), 484-501. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055421001027
Cardozo, M. T. A. L., Affiat, R. A., Zaman, F., Irawani, M., & Srimulyani, E. (2022). Silent Struggles: Women Education Leaders' Agency for Peacebuilding in Islamic Schools in Post-Conflict Aceh. Journal of Peace Education, 19(2), 158-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2022.2052826
Carlo, G., Samper, P., Malonda, E., Mestre, A. L., Tur-Porcar, A. M., & Mestre, M. V. (2022). Longitudinal Paths Between Parents' Use of Rewards and Young Adolescents' Moral Traits and Prosocial Behaviors. Journal of Adolescence, 94(8), 1096-1107. https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12086
Dewi, N. N. N., Fajri, M. F. M. M., Rifa'i, M., & Jaannah, U. Q. (2024). Health and Local Culture: An Overview of Religious Law and Its Relevance in the Modern Era. Proceeding of International Conference on Education, Society and Humanity, 2(2), 1256-1264.
Faiz, H., Al-Amin, M. F., & Mundiri, A. (2023). Transforming Organizational Quality Through Effective Administrative Training. Communautaire: Journal of Community Service, 2(2), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.61987/communautaire.v2i2.352
Kim, U., & Kim, J. (2022). Economic Development, Sociocultural Change and Quality of Life in Korea: Analysis of Three Generations Growing Up in Colonial, Industrial and Digital Age. Psychology and Developing Societies, 34(2), 200-239. https://doi.org/10.1177/09713336221115550
Lyon, A. R., Corbin, C. M., Brown, E. C., Ehrhart, M. G., Locke, J., Davis, C., Picozzi, E., Aarons, G. A., & Cook, C. R. (2022). Leading the Charge in the Education Sector: Development and Validation of the School Implementation Leadership Scale (SILS). Implementation Science, 17(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-022-01222-7
Masnan, A. H., Ismail, N. K., Usop, W., & Zain, D. M. M. (2024). Predicting Preschool Moral Development with School Climate: Fuzzy Delphi Approach. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 13(3), 1537-1544. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i3.27777
Masnawati, & Masfufah, E. & M. (2023). The Role of Parents in Shaping Children's Character. International Journal of Service Science, 4(2), 6-9.
Mujahid, I. (2021). Islamic Orthodoxy-Based Character Education: Creating Moderate Muslims in a Modern Pesantren in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 11(2), 185-212. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v11i2.185-212
Mulisa, F. (2022). When Does a Researcher Choose a Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Research Approach? Interchange, 53(1), 113-131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10780-021-09447-z
Muvid, M. B., & Aliyah, N. D. (2020). The Tasawuf Wasathiyah Concept in Central Flow of Industrial Revolution 4.0. Tribakti: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman, 31(1), 169-186. https://doi.org/10.33367/tribakti.v31i1.1008
Nasir, N., & Sukmawati, S. (2023). Analysis of Research Data Quantitative and Qualitative. Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan, 7(1), 368-373.
Nasution, E. S., Rahayu, A., & Cameliana, A. (2023). The Impact of Father's Absence on Psychological Conditions in Children from Commuter Marriage Families. Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, 1(12), 1031-1038. https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v1i12.123
Pregoner, J. D. (2025). Research Approaches in Education: A Comparison of Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Methods. SSRN Electronic Journal, 4(2), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5111007
Rambert, O. (2021). The Absent Black Father: Race, The Welfare-Child Support System, and the Cyclical Nature of Fatherlessness. UCLA Law Review, 68(1), 324-364.
Rollè, L., Gullotta, G., Trombetta, T., Curti, L., Gerino, E., Brustia, P., & Caldarera, A. M. (2019). Father Involvement and Cognitive Development in Early and Middle Childhood: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2405. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02405
Samier, E., & Elkaleh, E. (2021). Towards a Model of Muslim Women's Management Empowerment: Philosophical and Historical Evidence and Critical Approaches. Administrative Sciences, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11020047
Sanjani, M. A. F., Ridlo, M. H., & Yanti, L. S. (2024). Investigating the Holistic Management in Increasing Graduates' Competence in Madrasa Based on Pesantren. Pedagogik: Jurnal Pendidikan, 10(2), 226-239. https://doi.org/10.33650/pjp.v10i2.7170
Saracho, O. N. (2023). Theories of Child Development and Their Impact on Early Childhood Education and Care. Early Childhood Education Journal, 51(1), 15-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01271-5
Sari, A. F. (2023). The Role of Parents in Building Spiritual, Moral, and Intellectual Mentality in Children. Journal of Childhood Development, 3(1), 84-91. https://doi.org/10.25217/jcd.v3i1.3631
Sejdini, Z., Kraml, M., & Scharer, M. (2020). Becoming Human: Fundamentals of Interreligious Education and Didactics from a Muslim-Christian Perspective. Peter Lang. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85089376799&origin=inward
Siregar, N., & Nasution, N. H. A. (2023). Legal Review of Children Born Out of Wedlock Based on Islamic Inheritance Law and Civil Law. International Journal of Educational Research Excellence (IJERE), 2(2), 139-144. https://doi.org/10.55299/ijere.v2i2.461
Sista, T. R., & Sodiqin, A. (2022). The Implementation of Student Management in Discipline Guidance at Modern Islamic Boarding Schools Gontor. Tarbawi: Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan, 8(01), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v8i01.5879
Song, Y., Broekhuizen, M., & Dubas, J. S. (2022). A Three-Wave Study on the Development of Prosocial Behaviours Across Toddlerhood: The Role of Socialization. Infant and Child Development, 31(2), e2289. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2289
Thaher, R. A., Mahmoud, N., Al-Khatib, I. A., & Hung, Y. T. (2020). Reasons of Acceptance and Barriers of House Onsite Greywater Treatment and Reuse in Palestinian Rural Areas. Water (Switzerland), 12(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061679
Thoif, M., Sudjanto, B., & Suryadi. (2020). Education Management in Islamic Educational Institutions in Muslim Minority Areas (Case Study of Islamic Education Foundation in Jayawijaya District). International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(4 Special Issue), 1541-1545.
Tomczyk, Ł., & Lizde, E. S. (2022). Nomophobia and Phubbing: Wellbeing and New Media Education in the Family Among Adolescents in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Children and Youth Services Review, 137, 106489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106489
Vanneste, Y. T. M., Lanting, C. I., & Detmar, S. B. (2022). The Preventive Child and Youth Healthcare Service in the Netherlands: The State of the Art and Challenges Ahead. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 8736. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148736
Zahara, F., & Sukiati, S. (2024). The Dynamics of Adoptive Fathers as Marriage Guardians in Contemporary Studies. Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan, 11(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v11i1.3442
Zaini, A. W., & Fahmi, M. A. (2023). Improving Islamic Religious Education Teachers' Performance Through Effective School Leadership. AFKARINA: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 8(1), 12-24. https://doi.org/10.33650/afkarina.v8i1.5331
Zuhdi, Z., Faridy, F., Baharun, H., & Hefny, H. (2024). Enhancing Learning Quality Through Management Support in Crafting Self-Assessment Questions at School. Communautaire: Journal of Community Service, 3(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.61987/communautaire.v3i1.353
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Annisa Roro Muzammil, Rikza Azharona Susanti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
