Principal Leadership Strategies for Strengthening Teacher Competence in Elementary Schools

Authors

  • Ilham wahyudi Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim, Indonesia
  • Syafarudin Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim, Indonesia
  • Nunu Mahnun Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61987/educazione.v3i2.2365

Keywords:

Principal Leadership, Teacher Professional Development, Transformational Learning

Abstract

The principal, as an educational leader, holds a decisive role in developing the quality of teachers and, through them, the quality of learning. This study aims to analyze the principal's strategy in strengthening the pedagogic and professional competence of elementary school teachers. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method was employed, with the researcher serving as the key instrument. Informants were determined through purposive sampling and comprised the principal, the vice principal, and selected teachers, while data were gathered through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The credibility of the findings was secured through triangulation of the three data sources. The results show that the principal strengthened teachers' competence not through any single programmed but through three interlocking strategies: continuous training and professional forums, regular academic supervision and coaching, and the provision of technology-based facilities. These strategies functioned as a coordinated system in which each reinforced the others. The findings imply that, viewed through the lens of transformational education and learning, school leadership develops teachers most effectively when it moves beyond transmitting discrete skills toward reshaping their pedagogical perspectives and cultivating a sustained disposition for professional self-renewal.

References

Ahmed, E., Kilika, J., & Gakenia, C. (2022). Definition, Operationalisation, and Measurement of Leadership Strategy: Application in the Banking Sector in Kenya. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 11(1), 89–111. https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2022.60621

Alazmi, A. A., & Hammad, W. (2023). Modeling the Relationship Between Principal Leadership and Teacher Professional Learning in Kuwait: The Mediating Effects of Trust and Teacher Agency. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 51(5), 1141–1160. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432211038007

Asterhan, C. S. C., & Lefstein, A. (2024). The Search for Evidence-Based Features of Effective Teacher Professional Development: A Critical Analysis of the Literature. Professional Development in Education, 50(1), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2023.2283437

Carless, D. (2023). Teacher Feedback Literacy, Feedback Regimes and Iterative Change: Towards Enhanced Value in Feedback Processes. Higher Education Research and Development, 42(8), 1890–1904. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2023.2203472

De León Sautú, N., León, M., D’Alfonso, D., Warren, N., Griffin, J., & Sodani, D. (2025). Teachers Learning: Understanding Continuous Professional Development in Panama. Professional Development in Education, 51(1), 135–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2024.2431682

DeCuir-Gunby, J. T., & Bindra, V. G. (2022). How Does Teacher Bias Influence Students?: An Introduction to the Special Issue on Teachers’ Implicit Attitudes, Instructional Practices, and Student Outcomes. Learning and Instruction, 78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2021.101523

Fair, N. (2025). ‘I Can Lean on All of You’: Teacher Leaders Cultivating Pedagogical Resistance. Professional Development in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2025.2590664

Fraidlin, A., Van Stratton, J. E., McElroy, A., & Aljadeff, E. (2023). Peer Feedback: Recommendations for Behavior Analysts’ Training and Supervision. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 16(3), 696–708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-022-00761-1

Hallinger, P., Liu, S., & Niu, X. (2025). Cultural Context, Principal Instructional Leadership, and Teacher Efficacy: A Meta-Analytic Review, 1989–2024. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432251349810

Hermansson, C. (2025). Middle Leaders and School Improvement Work in Light of Principal Turnover. Educational Management Administration and Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432251376133

Highfield, C., & Rubie-Davies, C. (2022). Middle Leadership Practices in Secondary Schools Associated with Improved Student Outcomes. School Leadership and Management, 42(5), 543–564. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2022.2137126

Huang, L., Zhao, D., & Zhou, S. (2024). Examining Principal Instructional Leadership Effects on the Rural-Urban Instructional Quality Gap in China: The Mechanism of Teacher Professional Learning. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2024.101346

Idammatussilmi, I., & Utaminingsih, E. S. (2023). Academic Supervision of Head of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Toward Improvement of Teacher Pedagogic Competence. ELEMENTARY: Islamic Teacher Journal, 11(2), 137. https://doi.org/10.21043/elementary.v11i2.19677

Julianti, J., Yusrizal, Y., & Niswanto, N. (2021). Managerial Competence of a School Principal in Managing School Facilities and Infrastructure: A Case of SD Negeri 2 Trienggadeng. Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif, 11(3), 541–548. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v11.i3.202105

Kara, H. (2023). Qualitative Data Analysis. In Research and Evaluation for Busy Students and Practitioners. Sage. https://doi.org/10.51952/9781447366263.ch012

Kolovou, D., Hochweber, J., & Praetorius, A. K. (2024). Does Teacher Judgment Accuracy Matter? How Judgment Accuracy, Teaching Quality, and Student Achievement Development Are Related. Teaching and Teacher Education, 144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104555

Kumar, P., & Wiseman, A. W. (2021). Teacher Quality Discourse in India: A National Reform Agenda Content Analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103504

Leroy, N. (2025). Professional Development, Teacher Job Satisfaction, and Work Engagement: A Needs–Supplies Fit Approach. Professional Development in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2025.2550987

Li, Y., Kendziora, K., Berg, J., Greenberg, M. T., & Domitrovich, C. E. (2023). Impact of a Schoolwide Social and Emotional Learning Implementation Model on Student Outcomes: The Importance of Social-Emotional Leadership. Journal of School Psychology, 98, 78–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2023.01.006

Lumban Gaol, N. T. (2023). School Leadership in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 51(4), 831–848. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432211010811

Luong, G. Y. (2025). The Effectiveness of Mentoring, Coaching, and Induction Practices for Early Career Teachers: A Scoping Review. Teaching and Teacher Education, 163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2025.105065

Mathope, K., du Preez, A., & Scheepers, N. (2023). Mentorship Needs in an Intrapartum Setting – Mentor-Centred Approach: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. Nurse Education in Practice, 71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103727

Medrano-Chan, R. A., Hollingworth, L., & Sánchez-Escobedo, P. A. (2025). Role of the Principal as a Leader for Crisis Management in Primary Schools in Mexico. International Journal of Educational Leadership and Management, 13(2), 157–175. https://doi.org/10.4471/ijelm.15662

Midha, G. (2024). School Leadership Writ Small: Meetings and School Principal Practice. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 52(1), 151–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432211058939

Murphy, G., & Brennan, T. (2024). Enacting Distributed Leadership in the Republic of Ireland: Assessing Primary School Principals’ Developmental Needs Using Constructive Developmental Theory. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 52(3), 666–685. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221086850

Nielsen, W., Tindall-Ford, S., & Sheridan, L. (2022). Mentoring Conversations in Preservice Teacher Supervision: Knowledge for Mentoring in Categories of Participation. Mentoring and Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 30(1), 38–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/13611267.2022.2030185

Oppi, P., & Eisenschmidt, E. (2022). Developing a Professional Learning Community Through Teacher Leadership: A Case in One Estonian School. Teaching and Teacher Education: Leadership and Professional Development, 1, 100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tatelp.2022.100011

Said, S. M., & Sharif, S. (2023). Unveiling the Excellent Leadership Qualities and Practices of Principals in Islamic Schools: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(9), 43–61. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.9.3

Sevilla-Liu, A. (2023). The Theoretical Basis of a Functional-Descriptive Approach to Qualitative Research in CBS: With a Focus on Narrative Analysis and Practice. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 30, 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.11.001

Shi, Y. R., Sin, K. F. K., & Wang, Y. Q. (2025). Teacher Professional Development of Digital Pedagogy for Inclusive Education in Post-Pandemic Era: Effects on Teacher Competence, Self-Efficacy, and Work Well-Being. Teaching and Teacher Education, 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2025.105230

Sitanggang, N., Luthan, P. L. A., & Abdul Hamid, K. (2021). Relationship Between Total Personal Quality, Service Quality and Student Satisfaction on Higher Education System. International Journal of Instruction, 14(4), 357–372. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14421a

Yuliansyah, M., & Herman, M. (2023). The Influence of Teacher Performance, Commitment, and Professionalism on Student Learning Outcomes. Al-Tanzim: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 7(1), 274–286. https://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v7i1.4486

Zhang, X., & Wang, X. (2021). Measures of Human Capital and the Mechanics of Economic Growth. China Economic Review, 68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101641

Downloads

Published

2026-06-22

How to Cite

wahyudi, I., Syafarudin, & Mahnun, N. (2026). Principal Leadership Strategies for Strengthening Teacher Competence in Elementary Schools. Educazione: Journal of Education and Learning, 3(2), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.61987/educazione.v3i2.2365

Issue

Section

Articles