Authorship Criteria

Authorship of manuscripts submitted to this journal should be limited to individuals who have made a significant intellectual contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Individuals who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project should be acknowledged but not identified as authors.

The journal follows authorship criteria consistent with those recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), adapted for the context of educational research. To qualify for authorship, an individual should meet all of the following criteria:

1. Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data.
2. Drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content.
3. Final approval of the version to be published.
4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all designated authors and no undesignated authors are included on the manuscript, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to its submission for publication. Any change to the author list after initial submission must be approved by all authors and explained in writing to the editor.

Contributors who do not meet all four criteria above, such as those who provided general supervision, technical assistance, writing assistance, proofreading, or acquisition of funding, should be listed in the Acknowledgements section rather than as authors.